How Long Does Freeze-Dried Food Last? A Guide to Shelf Life

How Long Does Freeze-Dried Food Last A Guide to Shelf Life

Understanding the shelf life of your food is crucial for ensuring your family’s safety and well-being, particularly during times when fresh ingredients are unavailable.

While freeze-dried food boasts an impressive shelf life, both potency and flavor can diminish over time. Therefore, it's essential not only to know how long your supplies will last but also how effective they will be when needed. 

Freeze drying has emerged as the gold standard in food preservation, renowned for its ability to extend the lifespan of foods while retaining their nutritional value and taste. However, even the best freeze-dried foods have a shelf life that various factors can influence. 

Thus, it’s essential to be aware of these to maximize the benefits of your emergency food supplies.

 

Understanding Freeze-Dried Foods

Freeze-dried foods undergo a unique preservation process known as lyophilization. Food is first frozen to very low temperatures and then placed in a vacuum where the ice molecules within the food are sublimated directly from a solid to a gas. 

This process effectively removes nearly all moisture from the food, which is the primary cause of spoilage. It also becomes lightweight, and shelf-stable, retaining its original shape, flavor, and nutritional content, ready to be rehydrated and consumed whenever needed. 

 

Why Freeze-Dried Foods Are the Standard for Preservation

fresh banana and freeze dried banana

Freeze-dried foods are the gold standard for long-term food preservation due to two key reasons: 

  • Longevity and Stability: Freeze-dried foods can last 20 to 30 years when stored in ideal environments, making them a great choice for those looking to build a long-term food supply. 
  • Nutritional Value and Taste: Unlike other preservation methods that may degrade the food’s vitamins, minerals, and flavors, freeze-drying locks in these essential elements. 

Given these benefits, it’s clear why freeze-dried foods are the benchmark for long-term food preservation. But are freeze-dried food really healthy? Check out this article on the benefits of freeze-dried food

 

Factors Affecting Shelf Life of Freeze-Dried Foods

Packaging and Sealing Methods

Packaging plays a crucial role in protecting freeze-dried foods from environmental factors. Proper sealing prevents air and moisture from compromising the food’s quality, ensuring it remains safe and nutritious for the long term.

Airtight, moisture-proof containers, such as Mylar bags with oxygen absorbers, or vacuum-sealed jars, are the most effective in extending shelf life. 

Storage Environment

High temperatures can speed up the degradation of nutrients and reduce the overall shelf life. Humidity can introduce moisture, which can spoil freeze-dried foods.

To maximize shelf life, store your freeze-dried foods in a cool, dry place, ideally at temperatures below 70 degrees Fahrenheit and with minimal exposure to humidity.

Freeze-Drying Technique or Preparation

Blanching and cutting into uniform sizes are techniques that can significantly affect the shelf life of freeze-dried food. It helps to deactivate enzymes that can cause browning and deterioration.

When freeze-dried foods are cut into uniform sizes, they dry more evenly. This prevents moisture from becoming trapped inside larger pieces, which can lead to spoilage.

When combined, blanching and cutting into uniform sizes can significantly enhance the shelf life of freeze-dried food. By preserving color, deactivating enzymes, and ensuring even drying, these techniques help to maintain the quality and safety of the product for a longer period.

Freeze-Drying Settings

  • Initial Freeze Temperature: This should be set according to the type of food being freeze-dried. Typically, it ranges from -30°F to 15°F.
  • Extra Freeze Time: Adding extra freeze time can be beneficial for thicker or more water-dense foods. This can be set from 0 minutes up to 24 hours.
  • Heat On Pressure: This setting controls when the heating element turns on during the drying phase. It usually ranges from 250 to 1400 mTorr.
  • Heat Off Pressure: This setting determines when the heating element turns off. It is typically set +15 to +100 mTorr from the Heat On Pressure setpoint.
  • Dryness Monitoring Process: You can choose between "Sense" or "Time" for monitoring dryness. "Sense" uses sensors to determine when the food is dry, while "Time" relies on a preset duration.
  • Final Dry Time: This is the additional drying time after the primary drying phase to ensure all moisture is removed.

Importance of Knowing the Shelf Life of Freeze-Dried Foods

Effective Inventory Management
  • It ensures that your inventory remains fresh and that you're using the highest quality ingredients in your meals.
  • Rotating stock based on shelf life ensures that older products are used first, thereby minimizing waste.
Emergency Preparedness 
  • You need to be confident that the food you've stored will remain safe and nutritious for the duration of its intended use.
  • Allows you to plan your stockpiling strategy without the risk of spoilage or diminished quality.
Peace of Mind for Travelers 
  • Tnsures that you pack the right amount of food, knowing it will stay fresh and ready to eat whenever.

 

Shelf Life of Common Freeze-Dried Foods 

Freeze-dried foods are known for their impressive longevity, often lasting 20 years or more when stored under optimal conditions. However, the shelf life can vary depending on the type of food, and there are specific considerations to keep in mind for different food categories.

Lean Cuts of Meat: Chicken, Pork, Beef


lean meat cut

Shelf Life: Approximately 15 years

Store up to 10 years for best quality.

  • Lean cuts of meat are popular for freeze-drying due to their high protein content and versatility. However, little fat content can lessen it due to fat going rancid. 
  • When freeze-dried raw, these meats typically have a shelf life of around 15 years at least, provided that all fat has been removed. 
  • If you cook the meat before freeze-drying, the shelf life can be extended slightly and reduce potential risks of bacterial development.

Seafood such as Fish, Mollusks, and Crustaceans

raw seafoods (fish, sfrimp, etc)

Shelf Life: Up to 25 years 

Store up to 15 years for best quality.

  • Seafood such as fish, mollusks (e.g. Clams), and crustaceans can last up to 25 years when freeze-dried. 
  • However, many producers label their freeze-dried seafood with a "best before" date of two years, as a precautionary measure to encourage consumers to use the product while it is at its peak quality. 

Vegetables (Leafy, Cruciferous, Roots, and Alliums)


assorted vegetables on the table

Shelf Life: Varies by type; generally 15 to 25 years

Store up to 10 years for best quality.

Note: Some producers may label a shorter shelf life (5 years) for certain vegetables like broccoli.

  • Vegetables are another freeze-dried staple, with a shelf life ranging from 15 to 25 years, depending on the type. 
  • Some producers put a short, five-year shelf life for vegetables, such as broccoli, noting that degradation can start kicking in after that. 
  • While vegetables are the most popular food to freeze-dry, you shouldn’t let it go stale, as you will miss out on a lot of key nutrients. 

Fruits (e.g. Berries, Pears, and Peaches) 


fruits: apples, berries, papaya, orange, grapes

Shelf Life: 15 to 20 years

Store up to 12 years for best quality.

  • Freeze-dried fruits, such as berries, pome fruits like apples and pears, and stone fruits like peaches, watermelon, dragon fruitand mangoes, have a shelf life of 15 to 20 years. 
  • These fruits retain much of their flavor, texture, and nutritional value, making them a popular choice for long-term storage. But, like vegetables, they will also lose nutrients over time. 

Dairy Products (e.g. Milk, Cheese) 

milk and cheese products

Shelf Life: 5 - 10 years

Store up to 5 years for best quality.

Note: Freeze-dried milk generally has a slightly longer shelf life than freeze-dried cheese.

  • Dairy products like milk and cheese can also be freeze-dried for long-term storage, but don’t hold as long as other food. 
  • Freeze-dried milk has a better chance of lasting longer, as cheese undergoes processing that can affect its longevity. 

Freeze Dried Eggs

scrambled egg on a plate

Shelf Life: 5 to 10 years

Store up to 5 years for best quality.

  • Freeze-dried eggs also have a shorter shelf life compared to other freeze-dried foods, typically lasting 5 to 10 years. 

Freeze-Dried Candies

freeze dried candy

Shelf Life: Up to 30 years

Store up to 25 years for best quality.

  • Freeze-dried candies can last at least 25 years, as the sugar content can act as an added layer of protection. 
  • But considering how addicting these freeze-dried treats are, you might end up consuming them way before they reach the end of their shelf life.

How to Prolong the Shelf Life of Freeze-Dried Food 

Maximizing the shelf life of freeze-dried food is crucial to ensuring your emergency food supply remains safe and nutritious for as long as possible. By following best practices in storage and portioning, you can significantly extend the viability of your freeze-dried products.

Proper Storage of Freeze Dried Food 

Proper storage is vital for preserving the shelf life of freeze-dried food. Here are some key considerations:

  • Mylar bags with oxygen absorbers, vacuum-sealed jars, or food-grade buckets with tight-fitting lids are ideal choices for long-term storage.
  • Eliminating oxygen reduces the risk of oxidation, which can spoil the food and degrade its nutritional content. 
Storing freeze dried strawberry in harvest right mylar bag with oxygen absorber

Proper Portioning of Freeze-Dried Food

Measuring and dividing your food into portions ensures that you only open what you need, minimizing exposure to air and moisture. 

Start by determining the number of servings from the total weight of the food to determine the number of servings. 

Proper Storage of the Containers 

Choose a cool, dry, and dark place. Avoid areas that are prone to temperature fluctuations or direct sunlight, as these can accelerate the deterioration of the food.

  • Light exposure can also degrade the quality of freeze-dried food, affecting its color and nutritional content. 
  • Store the containers in a dark environment to preserve the food's appearance and nutritional value over time. 

After freeze-drying, the food should have lost a significant weight due to moisture removal. Measure the weight of the freeze-dried food, then divide by the number of servings you calculated earlier. This will give you the weight per portion. The amount of food per portion should be carefully measured and placed into each container

Is it Safe to Freeze-Dry Rehydrated Freeze-Dried Food?

When you need to rehydrate the food, the amount of water required is the difference between the original serving size and the weight of the freeze-dried portion. This ensures that the food rehydrates properly, restoring its original texture and flavor. 

Rehydrating and then freeze-drying food again is generally not recommended. The freeze-drying process removes as much moisture as possible, and rehydrating reintroduces moisture that can alter the food's structure and nutritional content. 

Attempting to freeze-dry rehydrated food may result in a product that is less stable and with a shorter shelf life. It's best to consume rehydrated freeze-dried food soon after preparation to maintain its quality and safety. 

That is why it is important to portion the freeze-dried food according to serving proportions so that you only get what you need per meal. 

How Long Does Freeze-Dried Food Last When Opened? 

Once freeze-dried food is taken out of its vacuum-sealed container, its shelf life begins to decrease significantly due to exposure to air, moisture, and other environmental factors. However, the exact duration it will remain safe and palatable depends on the immediate environment. 

In the event you took out more than you need, consider the following: 

  • Ideally, consume freeze-dried food within 24 hours of opening if it’s not stored in airtight conditions. If left exposed, it will quickly absorb moisture and lose its crispness.
  • If stored in an airtight container with minimal exposure to light after opening, freeze-dried food can last up to a week with reduced but still acceptable quality. 
  • After a week, even in good storage conditions, the food may continue to degrade in quality, and it’s recommended to consume it soon or consider alternative preservation methods like refrigerating or freezing if possible. 

Conclusion

Freeze-dried food is bound to degrade, even under the best conditions. While flavors and nutrient qualities may diminish over time, being mindful of factors like temperature, humidity, and proper storage can help you maximize the shelf life of your freeze-dried foods. 

Regularly phasing out older reserves ensures that you’re always using the freshest and most nutritious products. While freeze-drying can hold them long, try rotating them out to introduce a fresh batch as reserves. 

If you’re convinced of the benefits that freeze-drying can bring to your emergency preparedness plan, we encourage you to explore our selection of freeze dryers available on the website. 


Frequently Asked Questions About How Long Freeze-Dried Food Last

Is freeze-dried food a good option for long-term food storage?
Yes, freeze-dried food is an excellent choice for long-term food storage due to its extended shelf life and nutritional value.
Can I use freeze-dried food in recipes?
Yes, freeze-dried food can be used in various recipes.
Are there any signs that freeze-dried food has gone bad?
Look for changes in color, texture, or odor.
How long does freeze-dried food last when opened?
Ideally, consume within 24 hours. Can last up to a week if stored in an airtight container.
What is the shelf life of freeze-dried seafood?
Up to 25 years, though producers often label a shorter "best before" date.
What is the ideal storage environment for freeze-dried food?
  • Temperatures below 70°F
  • Cool, dry place
  • Minimal humidity
  • Dark environment
Why is freeze-drying effective for long-term storage?
  • It removes moisture, which is the primary cause of spoilage.
  • It preserves nutritional value, flavor, and texture.

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